MongoDB installation and environmentconfiguration

MongoDBIntroduction

MongoDB is 一款open-source NoSQLdocumentationdatalibrary, 它usingJSON-like格式storedata, providing了flexible datamodel and 强 big querycapacity. MongoDB适用于各种application场景, from simple moveapplication to complex 企业级system.

MongoDB versionclass型

• Community Edition: community版, 免费open-source, 适合 big many 数application场景
• Enterprise Edition: 企业版, package含advanced features, such asLDAP集成, audit and encryptionetc.

Windowssysteminstallation

步骤1: under 载MongoDB

1. 访问MongoDB官方 under 载页面: https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/community
2. 选择Windowsversion, 点击 under 载

步骤2: runinstallation程序

1. 双击 under 载 .msifile启动installation向导
2. 选择"complete"installationclass型
3. in "Service Configuration"页面, 保持默认设置, 勾选"Install MongoDB as a Service"
4. 点击"Install"completioninstallation

步骤3: verificationinstallation

-- 打开commands提示符, 输入以 under commands
mongo --version

-- 启动MongoDB Shell
mongo

-- 查看datalibrarylist
show dbs

步骤4: configurationenvironmentvariable (可选)

1. right 键点击"此电脑" → "property" → "advancedsystem设置" → "environmentvariable"
2. in "systemvariable"in找 to "Path", 点击"编辑"
3. 添加MongoDB binTable of Contentspath, 默认 for : C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\4.4\bin (根据practicalversion调整)
4. 点击"确定"保存设置

macOSsysteminstallation

method1: usingHomebrewinstallation (推荐)

-- installationHomebrew (such as果尚未installation) 
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

-- installationMongoDB
brew tap mongodb/brew
brew install mongodb-community

-- 启动MongoDBservice
brew services start mongodb-community

-- verificationinstallation
mongo --version

-- 启动MongoDB Shell
mongo

method2: using官方installationpackage

1. 访问MongoDB官方 under 载页面, under 载macOSversion
2. 解压 under 载 .tgzfile
3. 将解压 after file夹move to 合适位置
4. configurationenvironmentvariable, 将MongoDB binTable of Contents添加 to PATH

Linuxsysteminstallation

Ubuntu/Debiansystem

-- importMongoDB GPGkey
wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.4.asc | sudo apt-key add -

-- creationMongoDBsourceslistfile
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu focal/mongodb-org/4.4 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-4.4.list

-- updatepackagelist
sudo apt-get update

-- installationMongoDB
sudo apt-get install -y mongodb-org

-- 启动MongoDBservice
sudo systemctl start mongod

-- 设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable mongod

-- verificationinstallation
sudo systemctl status mongod
mongo --version

CentOS/RHELsystem

-- creationMongoDBsourcesfile
sudo vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mongodb-org-4.4.repo

-- 添加以 under  in 容
[mongodb-org-4.4]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/4.4/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-4.4.asc

-- installationMongoDB
sudo yum install -y mongodb-org

-- 启动MongoDBservice
sudo systemctl start mongod

-- 设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable mongod

-- verificationinstallation
sudo systemctl status mongod
mongo --version

MongoDBconfiguration

configurationfile位置

常用configuration选项

# storeconfiguration
store:
  dbPath: /var/lib/mongodb  # datastorepath
  journal:
    enabled: true        # 启用 journal log

# networkconfiguration
net:
  port: 27017           # 端口号
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1     # 绑定IP, 0.0.0.0表示允许所 has IP访问

# logconfiguration
systemLog:
  destination: file
  logAppend: true
  path: /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log

# processmanagement
processmanagementment:
  fork: true            # 以守护process方式run
  pidFilePath: /var/run/mongodb/mongod.pid

modifyconfiguration并重启service

-- modifyconfigurationfile after 重启service
# Linuxsystem
sudo systemctl restart mongod

# macOS (Homebrew)
brew services restart mongodb-community

# Windowssystem
net stop MongoDB
net start MongoDB

commonissues解决

1. 端口占用issues

症状: 启动MongoDB时出现端口27017被占用 error.

solution:

-- find占用端口 process
# Windows
netstat -ano | findstr :27017

# macOS/Linux
lsof -i :27017

-- 终止占用端口 process
# Windows
taskkill /PID <processID> /F

# macOS/Linux
sudo kill <processID>

2. permissionissues

症状: 启动MongoDB时出现permissionerror.

solution:

-- 修复dataTable of Contentspermission
# Linux/macOS
sudo chown -R mongodb:mongodb /var/lib/mongodb
sudo chown -R mongodb:mongodb /var/log/mongodb

-- 重启service
sudo systemctl restart mongod

3. 连接issues

症状: 无法连接 to MongoDBserver.

solution:

• checkMongoDBservice is 否正 in run
• check防火墙 is 否阻止了端口27017
• checkconfigurationfilein bindIp设置
• 尝试using mongo --host 127.0.0.1:27017 连接

4. 启动失败

症状: MongoDBservice启动失败.

solution:

• 查看logfileUnderstand具体errorinformation
• checkdataTable of Contents is 否存 in 且 has 正确permission
• checkconfigurationfile语法 is 否正确
• 尝试deletelockfile after 重启: sudo rm /var/lib/mongodb/mongod.lock

MongoDB Compass

MongoDB Compass is 官方providing graph形化managementtool, 它providing了直观 界面来managementMongoDBdatalibrary.

under 载 and installation

1. 访问MongoDB Compass under 载页面: https://www.mongodb.com/try/download/compass
2. 选择适合您system version under 载
3. runinstallation程序completioninstallation

MongoDB Compass 主要functions

• visualization查看 and 编辑documentation
• 构建 and 执行query
• creation and managementindex
• monitordatalibraryperformance
• import and exportdata
• visualizationaggregate管道构建

实践case

-- 1. creationdataTable of Contents
mkdir -p /data/db1 /data/db2 /data/db3

-- 2. 启动三个MongoDBinstance
mongod --port 27017 --dbpath /data/db1 --replSet rs0
mongod --port 27018 --dbpath /data/db2 --replSet rs0
mongod --port 27019 --dbpath /data/db3 --replSet rs0

-- 3. 初始化copy集
mongo --port 27017
> rs.initiate()
> rs.add("localhost:27018")
> rs.add("localhost:27019")
> rs.status()

-- 4. verificationcopy集status
> rs.isMaster()
> use test
> db.test.insert({name: "test"})
> mongo --port 27018
> use test
> db.test.find()

互动练习