NginxBasics入门tutorial

NginxIntroduction

Nginx (发音 for "engine-x") is 一款 high performance open-sourceWebserver, 同时也 is 反向proxyserver, load balancing器 and HTTPcache. 它由Igor Sysoev于2002年开始Development, 最初 is for Understand决C10Kissues (processing10,000个concurrent连接) .

Nginx 主要特点

high performance

adoptsevent驱动 asynchronousarchitecture, able to high 效processing big 量concurrent连接

stable 性

经过 many 年实践verification, in high load under 依然保持 stable

low resource消耗

相比otherWebserver, 占用更 few memory and CPUresource

丰富 functions

support虚拟主机, 反向proxy, load balancing, SSL/TLSetc. many 种functions

可scale性

module化design, support第三方modulescale

跨平台

supportLinux, Windows, macOSetc. many 种operationsystem

Nginx application场景

serving asWebserver, 托管静态网站 and 动态Webapplication
serving as反向proxy, for after 端applicationprovidingload balancing and high availability性
serving asAPIgateway, processing and routingAPIrequest
serving ascacheserver, 加速 in 容分发
serving as流媒体server, processing音频 and 视频流

Nginxinstallationconfiguration

in Ubuntu/Debian on installationNginx

# update软件packagelist
apt update

# installationNginx
apt install nginx

# 启动Nginxservice
systemctl start nginx

# 设置Nginx开机自启
systemctl enable nginx

# checkNginxservicestatus
systemctl status nginx

in CentOS/RHEL on installationNginx

# installationEPEL仓library
yum install epel-release

# installationNginx
yum install nginx

# 启动Nginxservice
systemctl start nginx

# 设置Nginx开机自启
systemctl enable nginx

# checkNginxservicestatus
systemctl status nginx

in Windows on installationNginx

from Nginx官网 (http://nginx.org/en/download.html) under 载Windowsversion Nginx
解压 under 载压缩package to 指定Table of Contents, such asC:\nginx
打开commands提示符, 进入NginxTable of Contents
run以 under commands启动Nginx:

# 启动Nginx
start nginx

# 停止Nginx
nginx -s stop

# 重 new 加载configuration
nginx -s reload

verificationNginxinstallation

installationcompletion after , 可以through以 under 方式verificationNginx is 否正常run:

打开浏览器, 访问serverIP地址 or 域名, such ashttp://localhost
such as果看 to "Welcome to nginx!"页面, 则表示Nginxinstallation成功
or 者usingcurlcommandstest:

curl http://localhost

Nginxbasicconcepts

Nginxarchitecture

Nginxadopts many processarchitecture, 主要package含以 under process:

主process (Master Process) : 负责management工作process, processingconfiguration加载 and 信号接收
工作process (Worker Processes) : 负责processingpractical 客户端request
cache加载器process (Cache Loader Process) : 负责加载cache in 容
cachemanagement器process (Cache managementr Process) : 负责managementcache big small

Nginxconfigurationfilestructure

Nginx 主configurationfile通常位于以 under 位置:

Ubuntu/Debian: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
CentOS/RHEL: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
Windows: nginxinstallationTable of Contents/conf/nginx.conf

Nginxconfigurationfileadoptsmodule化structure, 主要package含以 under 部分:

全局块: configuration影响Nginx整体run 指令
events块: configuration影响Nginx and user交互指令
http块: configurationHTTPserver相关指令
server块: configuration虚拟主机相关指令
location块: configurationURLpath匹配相关指令

实践case: 启动 and managementNginxservice

以 under is 一些常用 Nginxservicemanagementcommands:

# 启动Nginxservice
systemctl start nginx

# 停止Nginxservice
systemctl stop nginx

# 重启Nginxservice
systemctl restart nginx

# 重 new 加载Nginxconfiguration (不重启service) 
systemctl reload nginx

# checkNginxservicestatus
systemctl status nginx

# checkNginxconfigurationfile语法 is 否正确
nginx -t

# 查看Nginxversion
nginx -v

# 查看Nginx详细versioninformation
nginx -V

这些commands将helping您 has 效地managementNginxservice, 确保其正常run.

Nginxbasicusing

simple Nginxconfigurationexample

以 under is a basic Nginxconfigurationexample, 用于托管静态网站:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com www.example.com;
    
    root /var/www/example.com;
    index index.html index.htm;
    
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }
}

configurationfile说明

listen: 指定Nginx监听端口
server_name: 指定虚拟主机域名
root: 指定网站file 根Table of Contents
index: 指定默认indexfile
location: 指定URLpath processing规则
try_files: 尝试findfile 顺序

互动练习

1. Nginx 主要特点 is what？ ( many 选)

A. high performance

B. stable 性

C. high resource消耗

D. 丰富 functions

2. in Ubuntu on installationNginx commands is what？

A. yum install nginx

B. apt install nginx

C. apt-get install nginx

D. install nginx

3. 实践练习: installation并启动Nginxservice

请 in 您 system on installationNginx, 并启动service. 然 after through浏览器访问server地址, verificationNginx is 否正常run.

summarized and 展望

through本tutorial, 您已经Learning了Nginx basicconcepts, installationconfigurationmethod and basicusingtechniques. Nginx is 一款functions强 big high performanceWebserver, 它优势 in 于:

high performance event驱动architecture
丰富 functions集
simple 易用 configurationsystem
良 good stable 性 and reliability

in after 续 tutorialin, 我们将深入LearningNginx configurationfilestructure, 虚拟主机configuration, 反向proxy, load balancing, 静态fileservice, securityconfiguration, performanceoptimizationetc.advanced features, helping您全面MasterNginx usingtechniques.