Reactapplicationdeployment

1. Reactapplication构建

in deploymentReactapplication之 before , 需要先for构建, 生成可deployment 静态file.

1.1 构建Reactapplication

usingCreate React Appcreation project, 可以usingnpm run buildcommandsfor构建.

npm run build

构建completion after , 会 in project根Table of Contents生成一个buildfile夹, package含所 has 可deployment 静态file.

1.2 构建configurationoptimization

可以throughmodifypackage.json or creation.envfile来configuration构建选项.

// package.json
{
  "name": "my-app",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "private": true,
  "scripts": {
    "start": "react-scripts start",
    "build": "react-scripts build",
    "test": "react-scripts test",
    "eject": "react-scripts eject"
  },
  // ...
}

// .envfile
// 设置produceenvironment API地址
REACT_APP_API_URL=https://api.example.com

// 设置构建输出Table of Contents
BUILD_PATH=./dist

// 启用produceenvironmentsource map
GENERATE_SOURCEMAP=true

2. 静态resourcedeployment

Reactapplication构建completion after , 生成 is 静态file, 可以deployment to 任何静态resourceserver on .

2.1 usingNetlifydeployment

Netlify is a 流行 静态网站托管平台, support自动deployment, CDN加速, HTTPSetc.functions.

deployment步骤:

1. loginNetlify官网: https://www.netlify.com/
2. 点击"New site from Git"按钮
3. 选择你 code仓library (GitHub, GitLab or Bitbucket)
4. configuration构建选项:
   • build command: npm run build
   • Publish directory: build
5. 点击"deployment site"按钮, etc.待deploymentcompletion

2.2 usingVerceldeployment

Vercel is 另一个流行 静态网站托管平台, support自动deployment, Serverless Functionsetc.functions.

deployment步骤:

1. loginVercel官网: https://vercel.com/
2. 点击"New Project"按钮
3. 选择你 code仓library
4. configuration构建选项 (Vercel会automatically detectCreate React Appproject)
5. 点击"deployment"按钮, etc.待deploymentcompletion

2.3 usingGitHub Pagesdeployment

GitHub Pages is GitHubproviding 静态网站托管service, 可以免费using.

deployment步骤:

1. installationgh-pages依赖:

   npm install --save-dev gh-pages

2. in package.jsonin添加homepage字段 and deploy脚本:

   {
     "name": "my-app",
     "version": "0.1.0",
     "private": true,
     "homepage": "https://username.github.io/repo-name",
     "scripts": {
       // ...
       "predeploy": "npm run build",
       "deploy": "gh-pages -d build"
     },
     // ...
   }

3. rundeploycommands:

   npm run deploy

2.4 usingNginxdeployment

Nginx is a high performance Webserver, 可以用于deployment静态resource.

deployment步骤:

1. installationNginx
2. 将构建 after 静态filecopy to Nginx 网站根Table of Contents:

   cp -r build/* /var/www/html/

3. configurationNginx (可选) :

   # /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
   server {
       listen 80;
       server_name example.com;
       
       root /var/www/html;
       index index.html;
       
       location / {
           try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
       }
       
       # 启用gzip压缩
       gzip on;
       gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
       
       # cache静态resource
       location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
           expires 1y;
           add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000";
       }
   }

4. 重启Nginx:

   systemctl restart nginx

3. serverdeployment

除了静态resourcedeployment out , 还可以将Reactapplicationdeployment to Node.jsserver on .

3.1 usingExpressdeployment

Express is a 流行 Node.js Webframework, 可以用于deploymentReactapplication.

deployment步骤:

1. creationExpressserver:

   // server.js
   const express = require('express');
   const path = require('path');
   const app = express();
   
   // 静态resourceservice
   app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'build')));
   
   // processing所 has routing, 返回index.html
   app.get('*', (req, res) => {
     res.sendFile(path.join(__dirname, 'build', 'index.html'));
   });
   
   // 启动server
   const port = process.env.PORT || 3000;
   app.listen(port, () => {
     console.log(`Server is run on port ${port}`);
   });

2. installation依赖:

   npm install express

3. modifypackage.json, 添加start脚本:

   {"scripts": {
     "start": "node server.js",
     "build": "react-scripts build"
   }}

4. 构建application:

   npm run build

5. 启动server:

   npm start

3.2 usingPM2managementprocess

PM2 is a Node.jsprocessmanagementtool, 可以用于management and monitorNode.jsapplication.

using步骤:

1. installationPM2:

   npm install -g pm2

2. usingPM2启动application:

   pm2 start server.js --name my-app

3. 查看applicationstatus:

   pm2 status

4. 查看applicationlog:

   pm2 logs my-app

5. 重启application:

   pm2 restart my-app

6. 停止application:

   pm2 stop my-app

4. Dockerdeployment

Docker is a containerization平台, 可以用于打package and deploymentapplication.

4.1 creationDockerfile

# usingNode.js官方镜像serving as构建environment
FROM node:16-alpine as build

# 设置工作Table of Contents
WORKDIR /app

# copypackage.json and package-lock.json
COPY package*.json ./

# installation依赖
RUN npm ci

# copysourcescode
COPY . .

# 构建application
RUN npm run build

# usingNginxserving asproduceenvironment
FROM nginx:alpine

# copy构建 after  静态file to Nginx 网站根Table of Contents
COPY --from=build /app/build /usr/share/nginx/html

# copyNginxconfigurationfile
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

# 暴露端口
EXPOSE 80

# 启动Nginx
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

4.2 creationNginxconfigurationfile

# nginx.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.html;
    
    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
    }
    
    # 启用gzip压缩
    gzip on;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
    
    # cache静态resource
    location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico)$ {
        expires 1y;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=31536000";
    }
}

4.3 构建 and runDockercontainers

# 构建Docker镜像
docker build -t my-react-app .

# runDockercontainers
docker run -d -p 80:80 --name my-react-app my-react-app

# 查看containersstatus
docker ps

# 查看containerslog
docker logs my-react-app

# 停止containers
docker stop my-react-app

# deletecontainers
docker rm my-react-app

5. deploymentbest practices

• usingCDN加速静态resource
• 启用HTTPS
• configurationcache策略
• 启用gzip压缩
• usingautomationdeployment流程
• monitorapplicationperformance and status
• 设置errormonitor and log收集
• 定期backupdata

6. continuous integration and 持续deployment (CI/CD)

usingCI/CDtool可以automation构建 and deployment流程, improvingDevelopmentefficiency and deploymentquality.

6.1 usingGitHub Actions

GitHub Actions is GitHubproviding CI/CDservice, 可以用于automation构建, test and deploymentapplication.

# .github/workflows/deploy.yml
name: deployment React App

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  build-and-deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
    
    - name: Set up Node.js
      uses: actions/setup-node@v2
      with:
        node-version: '16'
    
    - name: Install dependencies
      run: npm ci
    
    - name: build the app
      run: npm run build
    
    - name: deployment to GitHub Pages
      uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v3
      with:
        github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
        publish_dir: ./build

6.2 usingGitLab CI/CD

GitLab CI/CD is GitLabproviding CI/CDservice, 可以用于automation构建, test and deploymentapplication.

# .gitlab-ci.yml
image: node:16-alpine

stages:
  - build
  - deploy

build:
  stage: build
  script:
    - npm ci
    - npm run build
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - build

deploy:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - apk add --no-cache rsync sshpass
    - sshpass -p $SERVER_PASSWORD rsync -avz build/ $SERVER_USER@$SERVER_HOST:/var/www/html/
  only:
    - main