Vue.jsBasicsconcepts and Environment Setup

LearningVue.js basicconcepts, corefeatures以及how to set upVue.jsDevelopmentenvironment

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1. Vue.jsbasicconcepts

Vue.js is 一套用于构建user界面 渐进式JavaScriptframework. and 其它 big 型framework不同 is , Vue 被design for 可以自底向 on 逐层application. Vue corelibrary只关注视graph层, 不仅易于 on 手, 还便于 and 第三方library or 既 has project整合.

1.1 Vue.js corefeatures

  • response式data绑定: 当data发生变化时, 视graph会自动update; 当视graph发生变化时, data也会自动update.
  • component化Development: 将页面拆分成 many 个可复用 component, improvingcode 可maintenance性 and reusability.
  • 指令system: providing了丰富 指令, such asv-if, v-for, v-bind, v-onetc., 简化了DOMoperation.
  • 虚拟DOM: using虚拟DOMtechniques, improving了页面渲染 performance, reducing了 for 真实DOM operation.
  • 生命周期hook: providing了 many 个生命周期hook, 允许Development者 in 不同阶段执行自定义逻辑.
  • 过渡 and 动画: in 置了过渡 and 动画system, for application添加流畅 视觉效果.

1.2 Vue.js version

Vue.js目 before has 三个主要version:

  • Vue 1.x: 早期version, 已停止maintenance.
  • Vue 2.x: stable version, 目 before 广泛using.
  • Vue 3.x: 最 new version, providing了更 good performance and new features, such asComposition API, Teleport, Suspenseetc..

提示

for 于初学者, 建议 from Vue 2.x开始Learning, 因 for 它 documentation and resource比较丰富. 当你Master了Vue 2.x after , 可以LearningVue 3.x new features.

2. Vue.jsDevelopmentEnvironment Setup

搭建Vue.jsDevelopmentenvironment has many 种方式, including直接引入, usingVue CLI, usingViteetc..

2.1 直接引入Vue.js

最 simple 方式 is throughCDN直接引入Vue.js. 这种方式适合 fast 速原型Development or Learning. 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Vue.jsexample</title>
    <!-- 引入Vue.js -->
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.6.14/dist/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        {{ message }}
    </div>
    
    <script>
        // creationVueinstance
        var app = new Vue({
            el: '#app',
            data: {
                message: 'Hello Vue!'
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

2.2 usingVue CLI

Vue CLI is Vue官方providing 脚手架tool, 可以helping我们 fast 速creationVueproject, configurationDevelopmentenvironment.

2.2.1 installationNode.js and npm

Vue CLI需要Node.js and npm support, 所以 in installationVue CLI之 before , 需要先installationNode.js and npm.

  1. 访问Node.js官网: https://nodejs.org/zh-cn/
  2. under 载并installationNode.js (LTSversion)
  3. verificationinstallation is 否成功: 
    node -v
npm -v

2.2.2 installationVue CLI

usingnpminstallationVue CLI: 

npm install -g @vue/cli

verificationinstallation is 否成功: 

vue --version

2.2.3 creationVueproject

usingVue CLIcreationVueproject: 

vue create my-vue-project

按照提示选择projectconfiguration, 例such as:

  • 选择手动选择features
  • 选择需要 features, such asBabel, Router, Vuex, CSS Pre-processorsetc.
  • 选择Vueversion (2.x or 3.x)
  • 选择CSS预processing器 (such asSass/SCSS)
  • 选择ESLintconfiguration (such asStandard)
  • 选择Babel, ESLintetc.configurationfile 位置 (such asIn dedicated config files)
  • is 否保存当 before configuration for 预设 (可选)

2.2.4 启动Developmentserver

进入projectTable of Contents, 启动Developmentserver: 

cd my-vue-project
npm run serve

打开浏览器, 访问http://localhost:8080, 即可看 to Vueproject 欢迎页面.

2.3 usingVite

Vite is a new before 端构建tool, 它providing了更 fast Development体验. VitesupportVue 3.x and Vue 2.x.

2.3.1 usingVitecreationVue 3.xproject

npm create vite@latest my-vue3-project -- --template vue

2.3.2 usingVitecreationVue 2.xproject

npm create vite@latest my-vue2-project -- --template vue2

2.3.3 启动Developmentserver

cd my-vue-project
npm install
npm run dev

打开浏览器, 访问http://localhost:5173, 即可看 to Vueproject 欢迎页面.

3. 第一个Vue.jsapplication

现 in , 让我们creation一个 simple Vue.jsapplication, 体验Vue.js basicfunctions. 

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>第一个Vue.jsapplication</title>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue@2.6.14/dist/vue.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <h1>{{ title }}</h1>
        <p>{{ message }}</p>
        <input type="text" v-model="message" placeholder="请输入 in 容">
        <br>
        <button v-on:click="changeTitle">modify标题</button>
    </div>
    
    <script>
        var app = new Vue({
            el: '#app',
            data: {
                title: '第一个Vue.jsapplication',
                message: 'Hello Vue!'
            },
            methods: {
                changeTitle: function() {
                    this.title = 'Vue.jsapplication已update';
                }
            }
        })
    </script>
</body>
</html>

in 这个examplein, 我们creation了一个Vueinstance, package含以 under in 容:

  • el: 指定Vueinstance挂载 DOM元素.
  • data: 定义application data.
  • methods: 定义application method.
  • {{ }}: using模板语法绑定data.
  • v-model: implementation双向data绑定.
  • v-on:click: 绑定点击event.

提示

打开浏览器 Development者tool, in 控制台in输入app.message = 'Hello World!';, 你会发现页面 on in 容会立即update, 这就 is Vue.js response式features.

4. Vue.jsDevelopmenttool

Vue.jsproviding了官方 Developmenttool, 可以helping我们debugVueapplication.

4.1 Vue DevTools

Vue DevTools is Vue官方providing 浏览器scale, 可以用于debugVueapplication. 它providing了以 under functions:

  • 查看componenttree
  • checkcomponent props and data
  • monitorevent
  • 查看Vuexstatus
  • debugVue Router

Vue DevToolssupportChrome, Firefox, Edgeetc.浏览器, 可以 from 各自 scale商店installation.

5. Learningresource

LearningVue.js 一些优质resource:

练习 1: creation simple Vue.jsapplication

  1. using直接引入 方式creation一个Vue.jsapplication
  2. implementation一个计数器functions, package含增加, reducing and reset按钮
  3. usingv-model双向绑定显示当 before 计数
  4. usingv-on:click绑定按钮event

练习 2: usingVue CLIcreationproject

  1. installationVue CLI
  2. usingVue CLIcreation一个Vue 2.xproject
  3. 启动Developmentserver, 查看project页面
  4. modifyApp.vuefile, 添加一个 simple 计数器functions
返回tutoriallist under 一节: Vueinstance and 模板语法