XML XSLT转换 - 极客tutorial网

XSLTIntroduction

XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations, 可scale样式表language转换) is a用于将XMLdocumentation转换 for other格式 (such asHTML, XML, 纯文本etc.) language. 它 is XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language, 可scale样式表language) 一部分, XSL还includingXPath (用于选择XMLnode) and XSL-FO (用于formatXMLdocumentation) .

XSLT 作用

将XMLdata转换 for HTML, 以便 in 浏览器in显示
将XMLdata转换 for otherXML格式, implementationdata格式转换
将XMLdata转换 for 纯文本, 用于生成报告, logetc.
implementationXMLdata 筛选, sort and group
将 many 个XMLdocumentationmerge for 一个documentation

XSLT basic原理

XSLTusing模板 (Template) 来定义such as何转换XMLdocumentation. 每个模板都package含一个匹配模式 (用于选择要转换 XMLnode) and 转换规则 (用于定义such as何转换选定 node) . XSLTprocessing器 from XMLdocumentation 根node开始, 按照模板规则递归地processing每个node, 生成转换 after documentation.

XSLTbasic语法

XSLTdocumentation本身也 is a XMLdocumentation, 它usingXSLTnamespace来定义转换规则. 以 under is XSLTdocumentation basicstructure:

XSLTdocumentationbasicstructure

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    
    
    
</xsl:stylesheet>

XSLT模板

模板 is XSLT core, 它using<xsl:template>元素来定义. 每个模板都 has 一个matchproperty, 用于指定要匹配 XMLnode.

XSLT模板example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    
    
    <xsl:template match="/">
        <html>
            <body>
                <h1>graph书list</h1>
                <xsl:apply-templates select="books" />
            </body>
        </html>
    </xsl:template>
    
    
    <xsl:template match="books">
        <table border="1">
            <tr>
                <th>书名</th>
                <th>作者</th>
                <th>价格</th>
            </tr>
            <xsl:apply-templates select="book" />
        </table>
    </xsl:template>
    
    
    <xsl:template match="book">
        <tr>
            <td><xsl:value-of select="title" /></td>
            <td><xsl:value-of select="author" /></td>
            <td><xsl:value-of select="price" /></td>
        </tr>
    </xsl:template>
    
</xsl:stylesheet>

XSLT常用元素

元素	describes
`<xsl:stylesheet>`	XSLTdocumentation 根元素, 定义XSLTversion and namespace
`<xsl:template>`	定义转换模板, package含匹配模式 and 转换规则
`<xsl:apply-templates>`	application匹配模板 to 选定 node
`<xsl:value-of>`	提取选定node 文本 in 容
`<xsl:for-each>`	遍历选定 node集
`<xsl:if>`	条件判断
`<xsl:choose>`	many 条件判断, package含`<xsl:when>` and `<xsl:otherwise>`
`<xsl:sort>`	for nodeforsort

XSLTexample

以 under is a 完整 XSLTexample, 演示such as何将XMLdocumentation转换 for HTMLdocumentation.

XMLdocumentation: books.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="books.xsl"?>
<books>
    <book category="计算机">
        <title>XMLBasicstutorial</title>
        <author>张三</author>
        <year>2025</year>
        <price>99.00</price>
    </book>
    <book category="文学">
        <title>Javaprogramming思想</title>
        <author>李四</author>
        <year>2024</year>
        <price>89.00</price>
    </book>
    <book category="计算机">
        <title>Pythondataanalysis</title>
        <author>王五</author>
        <year>2025</year>
        <price>129.00</price>
    </book>
</books>

XSLTdocumentation: books.xsl

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    
    
    <xsl:template match="/">
        <html>
            <head>
                <title>graph书list</title>
                <style>
                    body {
                        font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
                        margin: 20px;
                    }
                    h1 {
                        color: #4285F4;
                    }
                    table {
                        border-collapse: collapse;
                        width: 100%;
                        margin-top: 20px;
                    }
                    th, td {
                        border: 1px solid #ddd;
                        padding: 8px;
                        text-align: left;
                    }
                    th {
                        background-color: #f2f2f2;
                    }
                    tr:nth-child(even) {
                        background-color: #f9f9f9;
                    }
                </style>
            </head>
            <body>
                <h1>graph书list</h1>
                <table>
                    <tr>
                        <th>书名</th>
                        <th>作者</th>
                        <th>年份</th>
                        <th>价格</th>
                        <th>classification</th>
                    </tr>
                    <!-- 遍历所 has book元素, 并按价格sort -->
                    <xsl:for-each select="books/book">
                        <xsl:sort select="price" data-type="number" order="ascending" />
                        <tr>
                            <td><xsl:value-of select="title" /></td>
                            <td><xsl:value-of select="author" /></td>
                            <td><xsl:value-of select="year" /></td>
                            <td><xsl:value-of select="price" /></td>
                            <td><xsl:value-of select="@category" /></td>
                        </tr>
                    </xsl:for-each>
                </table>
                
                
                <div style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 10px; background-color: #e3f2fd; border-radius: 5px;">
                    <h3>statisticsinformation</h3>
                    <p>graph书总数: <xsl:value-of select="count(books/book)" />本</p>
                    <p>计算机classgraph书: <xsl:value-of select="count(books/book[@category='计算机'])" />本</p>
                    <p>平均价格: <xsl:value-of select="format-number(sum(books/book/price) div count(books/book), '0.00')" />元</p>
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </xsl:template>
    
</xsl:stylesheet>

XSLT转换结果

当浏览器打开books.xmlfile时, 它会自动applicationbooks.xsl样式表, 将XMLdocumentation转换 for HTMLdocumentation并显示. 转换结果such as under :

HTML转换结果

<html>
    <head>
        <title>graph书list</title>
        <style>
            body {
                font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
                margin: 20px;
            }
            h1 {
                color: #4285F4;
            }
            table {
                border-collapse: collapse;
                width: 100%;
                margin-top: 20px;
            }
            th, td {
                border: 1px solid #ddd;
                padding: 8px;
                text-align: left;
            }
            th {
                background-color: #f2f2f2;
            }
            tr:nth-child(even) {
                background-color: #f9f9f9;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>graph书list</h1>
        <table>
            <tr>
                <th>书名</th>
                <th>作者</th>
                <th>年份</th>
                <th>价格</th>
                <th>classification</th>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Javaprogramming思想</td>
                <td>李四</td>
                <td>2024</td>
                <td>89.00</td>
                <td>文学</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>XMLBasicstutorial</td>
                <td>张三</td>
                <td>2025</td>
                <td>99.00</td>
                <td>计算机</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Pythondataanalysis</td>
                <td>王五</td>
                <td>2025</td>
                <td>129.00</td>
                <td>计算机</td>
            </tr>
        </table>
        
        <div style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 10px; background-color: #e3f2fd; border-radius: 5px;">
            <h3>statisticsinformation</h3>
            <p>graph书总数: 3本</p>
            <p>计算机classgraph书: 2本</p>
            <p>平均价格: 105.67元</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

XSLTadvanced features

1. variable and parameter

XSLT允许usingvariable and parameter来store and 传递值. variableusing<xsl:variable>元素定义, parameterusing<xsl:param>元素定义.

XSLTvariable and parameterexample

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    
    
    <xsl:variable name="author" select="'张三'" />
    
    
    <xsl:param name="category" select="'计算机'" />
    
    <xsl:template match="/">
        <html>
            <body>
                <h1>{$author} graph书</h1>
                <h2>classification: {$category}</h2>
                
                
                <xsl:variable name="bookCount" select="count(books/book[@category=$category])" />
                <p>graph书数量: {$bookCount}</p>
                
                
            </body>
        </html>
    </xsl:template>
    
</xsl:stylesheet>

2. 模板递归

XSLTsupport模板递归, 可以用来processing具 has 层次structure XMLdocumentation (such astree形structure) .

XSLT模板递归example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    
    <xsl:template match="/">
        <html>
            <body>
                <h1>Table of Contentsstructure</h1>
                <ul>
                    <xsl:apply-templates select="directory" />
                </ul>
            </body>
        </html>
    </xsl:template>
    
    
    <xsl:template match="directory">
        <li>
            <strong><xsl:value-of select="@name" /></strong>
            <xsl:if test="directory or file">
                <ul>
                    <xsl:apply-templates select="directory" />
                    <xsl:apply-templates select="file" />
                </ul>
            </xsl:if>
        </li>
    </xsl:template>
    
    
    <xsl:template match="file">
        <li><xsl:value-of select="@name" /></li>
    </xsl:template>
    
</xsl:stylesheet>

3. 输出格式控制

XSLTproviding了<xsl:output>元素来控制输出documentation 格式, including输出class型, 编码, indentetc..

XSLT输出格式控制example

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    
    
    <xsl:output 
        method="html" 
        encoding="UTF-8" 
        indent="yes" 
        doctype-public="-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
        doctype-system="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"
    />
    
    
    
</xsl:stylesheet>

实践case: usingXSLT生成RSS feed

casedescribes

creation一个XSLT样式表, 将博客文章 XMLdocumentation转换 for RSS 2.0 feed格式.

implementation步骤

creation博客文章 XMLdocumentation
creationXSLT样式表, 定义RSS feed 转换规则
applicationXSLT样式表, 生成RSS feed

最终code

XMLdocumentation: blog.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="blog.xsl"?>
<blog>
    <title>techniques博客</title>
    <link>http://www.example.com/blog</link>
    <description>分享techniquesknowledge and experience</description>
    <language>zh-CN</language>
    <lastbuildDate>2025-01-15T10:30:00+08:00</lastbuildDate>
    
    <posts>
        <post id="1">
            <title>XMLBasicstutorial</title>
            <link>http://www.example.com/blog/xml-basics</link>
            <description>LearningXML basicconcepts, 语法 and application. </description>
            <pubDate>2025-01-15T09:00:00+08:00</pubDate>
            <author>张三</author>
            <category>XML</category>
        </post>
        <post id="2">
            <title>XSLT转换techniques</title>
            <link>http://www.example.com/blog/xslt-transformations</link>
            <description>深入UnderstandXSLT转换techniques, implementationXMLdata flexibleprocessing. </description>
            <pubDate>2025-01-14T14:30:00+08:00</pubDate>
            <author>李四</author>
            <category>XSLT</category>
        </post>
        <post id="3">
            <title>XPath选择器</title>
            <link>http://www.example.com/blog/xpath-selectors</link>
            <description>MasterXPath选择器,  high 效定位XMLdocumentationin node. </description>
            <pubDate>2025-01-13T16:45:00+08:00</pubDate>
            <author>王五</author>
            <category>XPath</category>
        </post>
    </posts>
</blog>

XSLTdocumentation: blog.xsl

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    
    
    <xsl:output method="xml" encoding="UTF-8" indent="yes" />
    
    <xsl:template match="/">
        <!-- RSS 2.0根元素 -->
        <rss version="2.0">
            <channel>
                
                <title><xsl:value-of select="blog/title" /></title>
                <link><xsl:value-of select="blog/link" /></link>
                <description><xsl:value-of select="blog/description" /></description>
                <language><xsl:value-of select="blog/language" /></language>
                <lastbuildDate><xsl:value-of select="blog/lastbuildDate" /></lastbuildDate>
                <generator>XSLT RSS Generator</generator>
                
                
                <xsl:for-each select="blog/posts/post">
                    <!-- 按release日期sort, 最 new   in  before  -->
                    <xsl:sort select="pubDate" order="descending" />
                    
                    <item>
                        <title><xsl:value-of select="title" /></title>
                        <link><xsl:value-of select="link" /></link>
                        <description>
                            <xsl:text disable-output-escaping="yes"><![CDATA[<p>]]></xsl:text>
                            <xsl:value-of select="description" />
                            <xsl:text disable-output-escaping="yes"><![CDATA[</p>]]></xsl:text>
                        </description>
                        <pubDate><xsl:value-of select="pubDate" /></pubDate>
                        <author><xsl:value-of select="author" /></author>
                        <category><xsl:value-of select="category" /></category>
                        <guid isPermaLink="true"><xsl:value-of select="link" /></guid>
                    </item>
                </xsl:for-each>
            </channel>
        </rss>
    </xsl:template>
    
</xsl:stylesheet>

互动练习

练习1: writingXSLT样式表

针 for 以 under XMLdocumentation, writing一个XSLT样式表, 将其转换 for HTML表格, 要求:

显示所 has 学生姓名, 年龄 and 成绩
按成绩降序sort
for 成绩 big 于80分学生添加红色背景
计算并显示平均成绩

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<students>
    <student>
        <name>张三</name>
        <age>20</age>
        <score>85</score>
    </student>
    <student>
        <name>李四</name>
        <age>21</age>
        <score>78</score>
    </student>
    <student>
        <name>王五</name>
        <age>19</age>
        <score>92</score>
    </student>
    <student>
        <name>赵六</name>
        <age>20</age>
        <score>75</score>
    </student>
</students>

XSLT样式表such as under :

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
    
    <xsl:template match="/">
        <html>
            <head>
                <title>学生成绩表</title>
                <style>
                    table {
                        border-collapse: collapse;
                        width: 100%;
                        font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
                    }
                    th, td {
                        border: 1px solid #ddd;
                        padding: 8px;
                        text-align: left;
                    }
                    th {
                        background-color: #f2f2f2;
                    }
                    .high-score {
                        background-color: #ffebee;
                    }
                    .average {
                        margin-top: 20px;
                        font-weight: bold;
                    }
                </style>
            </head>
            <body>
                <h1>学生成绩表</h1>
                <table>
                    <tr>
                        <th>姓名</th>
                        <th>年龄</th>
                        <th>成绩</th>
                    </tr>
                    <!-- 遍历所 has 学生, 并按成绩降序sort -->
                    <xsl:for-each select="students/student">
                        <xsl:sort select="score" data-type="number" order="descending" />
                        
                        
                        <xsl:choose>
                            <xsl:when test="score > 80">
                                <tr class="high-score">
                                    <td><xsl:value-of select="name" /></td>
                                    <td><xsl:value-of select="age" /></td>
                                    <td><xsl:value-of select="score" /></td>
                                </tr>
                            </xsl:when>
                            <xsl:otherwise>
                                <tr>
                                    <td><xsl:value-of select="name" /></td>
                                    <td><xsl:value-of select="age" /></td>
                                    <td><xsl:value-of select="score" /></td>
                                </tr>
                            </xsl:otherwise>
                        </xsl:choose>
                    </xsl:for-each>
                </table>
                
                
                <div class="average">
                    <xsl:variable name="totalScore" select="sum(students/student/score)" />
                    <xsl:variable name="studentCount" select="count(students/student)" />
                    <xsl:variable name="averageScore" select="$totalScore div $studentCount" />
                    平均成绩: <xsl:value-of select="format-number($averageScore, '0.00')" />
                </div>
            </body>
        </html>
    </xsl:template>
    
</xsl:stylesheet>